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The "producer responsibility and obligation" regulations are based on the current state of the loop plan that many manufacturers have already established, and have achieved great success in many areas. But the packaging industry is not a single industry but consists of five manufacturing sectors; steel, aluminum, glass, paper and paperboard, and plastics. The following describes the recycling of these five British materials.
First, steel steel is mainly used for canning on packaging, and it is mainly food and beverage cans. In the United Kingdom, 17 billion cans are produced each year, while steel cans account for more than 3/4.
Steel is mainly made from the two most abundant iron ore and limestone on earth, and the third essential component is scrap. All steel (tinplate) tanks can be recycled. In fact, all new steels contain 25% scrap, and some special steels such as stainless steel, all of which are iron scrap. Therefore, scrap steel is indispensable in steel production.
Scrap, including scrap cans, can be drawn from mixed waste using magnetic force. In addition, there is also a “Save-a-Can†collection system in the UK with a total of 2,000 collection points involving a population of 26 million. All recovery tanks are used to produce steel, which saves 75% of energy compared to the direct use of raw materials to produce steel.
Second, aluminum Last year, about 30 million pounds of aluminum cans were buried in Britain. If they were recycled to remelting centers, they could be used to make new cans. However, the recycling of aluminum cans costs money. It is estimated that each household in the UK consumes an average of 211 aluminum cans. There are approximately 62,000 aluminum cans per ton, worth 750 pounds per ton. Each year, 100,000 families consume 340 tons of 225,000 pound aluminum cans.
The aluminum foil in the UK is handled separately by the aluminum foil recycling mechanism. Since 1998, 40 local governments in the UK have begun collecting aluminum foil for recycling, covering 20% ​​of the total population. This is mainly achieved through cooperation between charities, commercial organizations and aluminum foil production plants, and is provided annually. Worth of 12 million pounds of aluminum foil. However, the "producer responsibility and obligation" regulations set the number of tons of tonnage that producers and users of aluminum foil must bear. Because all materials in packaging waste begin to be recycled, so must aluminum foil. However, the aluminum foil industry was originally recovered through a composite street recycling project. The use of vortex separation technology to recover aluminum foil. The goal of UK aluminum foil recycling is to provide 80% of the population with the opportunity to collect aluminum foil by 2005 and recover 18,400 tons of aluminum foil.
Third, glass Britain's abandoned glass bottles and cans are recycled from the bottle recycling warehouse. After the glass bottles and cans are recycled, they are first broken and manually sorted, then placed in a magnetic field so that the iron lids are sucked out. The classified cullet is then mixed with the raw materials and then introduced into the melting furnace to produce new glass. Sand (SiO2) is the main component of glass, but a single sand requires a very high temperature to melt. In order to reduce the melting temperature, a flux, Na2CO3, must be added; to increase the strength, limestone (CaCO3) must also be added. The final composition in the glass was 72% sand, 14% soda ash, and 12% limestone. In Britain, an average of 30% of broken glass is added to glass, and some furnaces can even use more than 80% of broken glass.
Since 1987, the UK has implemented a national glass bottle recycling program, which has become the most successful example of European packaging waste recycling. In 2004, the total glass production in the United Kingdom was 1,951,192.1 tons, while the glass used for recycling reached 518,538.35 tons. In the UK, there were 20,056 glass recycling libraries issued in 446 regions in 2004.
Fourth, plastics new packaging waste regulations require a large increase in the recycling rate of plastics. Britain recovered 100,000 tons of plastic in 2004, but it must recover at least 300,000 tons per year in the next four years, mainly the recycling of plastic bottles and cans.
Britain began recycling plastics in the late 1980s. At present, many new recycling facilities have been built, and more than 10 companies are willing to purchase recycled plastic containers. The price of waste plastics is also considerable. For example, in November 2004, the price per ton of waste HDPE was 150 pounds, while PET and PVC were maintained at around 60 pounds per tonne.
The recycling mechanism for plastic bottles is RECOUP, which established plastic bottle recycling organizations in more than one third of the UK. There are more than 3,000 plastic bottles in the UK, and 14 million household wastes (including plastic bottles) are recycled through street-side recycling systems.
Almost all plastic bottles are made of one or more of PET, HDPE, and PVC. PET bottles are used as carbonated beverage bottles and edible oil bottles. Waste PET bottles can be recycled to make tarpaulins, packaging tapes, plastic plates and other products. Finally, with the use of PET bottles, imitation wool clothes can also be made, and for every 25 waste PET bottles, a fake wool jacket can be made. HDPE bottles can be used for the production of fences, benches in parks, and road signs. PVC bottles can be used to regenerate water pipes, electronic equipment and clothing.
V. Waste Paper Before the entry into force of the environmental regulations, the United Kingdom began the recovery and recycling of waste paper. Most waste papers are recycled into paper pulp and used to produce packaging paper and cardboard. At present, the recovery rate of waste paper in the United Kingdom is about 57%, which is the same as it was a decade ago. Most of the raw materials for paper and board used in packaging in the UK are the forests of Sweden and Finland, where the wood provides a stable paper pulp for Europe as a whole. If you use too much waste paper, it may hinder the normal use of the forest there.
Recycling plastic bottles
According to the British legal document “producer responsibilities and obligations (packaging waste)â€, each packaging producer and user must achieve a predetermined recycling rate. According to the regulations, companies must comply with three major regulations: 1. Registration, including the relevant packaging data required; 2. Recovery and recycling rate; 3. Certificate.