[Name of country] East Timor Democratic Republic

(DEMOCRATICREPUBLICOFTIMOR-LESTE)

[Area] 14,874 square kilometers

[population] 920,000 (UN Statistical Report 2004). Of these, 78% are indigenous (mixed races of the Papua and Malay or Polynesian ethnic groups), 20% are Indonesians, and 2% are Chinese. TETUM and Portuguese are the official languages, Indonesian and English are the working languages, and Tetum is the common language and the main national language. About 91.4% of residents believe in Roman Catholicism, 2.6% believe in Protestantism, 1.7% believe in Islam, 0.3% believe in Hinduism, and 0.1% believe in Buddhism. The East Timorese Catholic Church currently has two dioceses in Dili and Baucau. Diocesan Diocese Diocese (RICARDO), Paolo Diocese Bishop Naxi Mento (NASCIMENTO).

[Capital] Dili (DILI), located on the northeast coast of Timor Island, population 167,777 (UN Statistical Report 2004). National political, economic and cultural center. It is estimated that more than 80% of East Timor’s economic activity takes place here.

[Head of State] President XANANA Gusmao, who was elected as the first president after the independence of East Timor in April 2002, was sworn in on May 20.

[Important Holidays] Restoration Independence Day (Founding of the People's Republic of): May 20 (Commemorate the handover of the United Nations to Timor-Leste on May 20, 2002, Timor-Leste is officially independent nation-building). Independence referendum: August 30 (commemorating the referendum on the independence of the East under the auspices of the United Nations on August 30, 1999). Independence Day: November 28 (commemorating the unilateral declaration of independence on November 28, 1975 in East Timor). Catholic holidays (such as Christmas, etc.)

[Profile] is located at the easternmost tip of the Nusa Tenggara Islands in Southeast Asia, the island nation. It includes the Ocussi region on the eastern and western coasts of Timor Island, and the nearby islands of Atauro and Yako on the east. The West is connected with West Timor in Indonesia, and across the Timor Sea to Australia is across the South. The coastline is 735 kilometers long. There are many mountains in the territory, and there are plains and valleys on the coast. Most of the areas are tropical rain forests. Plains and valleys are tropical grassland climates. The annual average temperature is 26°C, and the average annual humidity is 70%-80%. The average annual rainfall is 1200-1500 mm, but the regional differences are relatively large: the northern coastal area is the dry season from May to November each year, and December to May is the rainy season. The annual precipitation is 500-1500 mm; the southern coastal area is June. It is the dry season until December, and the rainy season from December to February and from May to June. The annual precipitation is 1500-2000 mm. The annual precipitation in the central mountainous region is 2500-3000 mm.

Before the 16th century, the island of Timor was ruled by the Sri Lankan Kingdom of Sri Lanka, centered on Sumatra, and the Kingdom of Paparazzi (Manchu Boyi), centered on Java. In the early 16th century, Portuguese colonists invaded Timor Island. In 1613, the Dutch forces invaded and set up a base in West Timor in 1618 to displace the Portuguese forces to the east. In the 18th century, British colonists briefly controlled West Timor. In 1816, the Netherlands resumed its colonial position on the island of Timor. In 1859, Portugal and Holland signed a treaty to repartition the island of Timor. The east of Timor Island and Ocusi are owned by Portugal and the west is merged with Dutch East India (now Indonesia). In 1942 Japan occupied East Timor. After the Second World War, Australia was once responsible for the management of East Timor. Portugal soon regained its colonial rule over East Timor. In 1951, it changed East Timor into a Portuguese province. In 1960, the 15th session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 1542, which declared that the island of East Timor and its affiliated land were "non-self-governing territories" and were administered by Portugal.

On April 25, 1974, the outbreak of the "Armed Forces Movement" in Portugal overthrew the dictatorship and Portugal began to democratize and decolonize. In 1975, the Portuguese government allowed East Timor to hold a referendum and implement national self-determination. Advocating independence between the East Timor Independence Revolutionary Frontier (FRG), the Democratic Alliance that advocates maintaining relations with Portugal (referred to as NLD), and the Timorese People’s Democratic Association (ADPL) that advocates merging with Indonesia have caused civil war between the three parties. . On November 28, 1975, Furrow declared unilaterally the independence of East Timor and established the Democratic Republic of East Timor. In December of the same year, Indonesia sent troops to East Timor, and in 1976 it declared East to be the 27th province of Indonesia. In December 1975, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution calling for Indonesia to withdraw its troops and calling on all countries to respect East Timor’s territorial integrity and the people’s right to self-determination. Since then, the United Nations General Assembly has repeatedly considered the question of East Timor. In 1982, the UN General Assembly voted to support the resolution on the self-determination of the East Timorese people. From 1983 to 1998, under the mediation of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Portuguese and Indonesian governments conducted ten rounds of negotiations on the East Timor issue.

In 1997, the Asian financial crisis broke out. In 1998, the Indonesian Suharto regime stepped down. In January 1999, Indonesian President Habibi agreed to pass East Timor’s referendum on internal and external pressures and chose to autonomy or leave Indonesia. On May 5, Indonesia, Portugal, and the United Nations signed an agreement on a referendum in East Timor. On June 11, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution to establish the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) and hosted the referendum in East Timor on August 30. Of the 450,000 registered electors in the East, approximately 440,000 participated in the voting, of which 78.5% favored independence. President Habibie said on the same day that he accepts the result of the vote. After the vote, there were bloody clashes between the East Indonesian pro-independence faction and the independent factions. The situation in East Timor deteriorated. The United Nations mission was forced to withdraw. More than 200,000 refugees fled to West Timor. In September, President Habibie announced that he agreed to enter the multinational force in East Timor. The Security Council passed a resolution authorizing the establishment of a multinational force consisting of approximately 8,000 people headed by Australia. It will formally enter East Timor on September 20 to transfer power with the Indonesian garrison. In October, the Indonesian People’s Consultative Conference passed a resolution formally approving the separation of East Timor from Indonesia. In the same month, the Security Council adopted resolution 1272 and decided to establish the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET, referred to as the Liandong authorities) to take over the internal and external affairs of East Timor.

In November 1999, Timor-Leste established a National Consultative Committee (NCC) with a quasi-cabinet and quasi-legislative body. In July 2000, the first transitional cabinet was established. In August 2001, the Constituent Assembly was elected. On September 15, the Constituent Assembly was established. With the second transitional cabinet, the presidential election was held in April 2002 and the leader of the East Independent Movement, Xanana Gusmão, was elected. On May 20, 2002, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste was formally established.

The United Nations has continued to send a UNMISET mission to Timor-Leste to be composed of military, civilian police and civilian officials to assist the Government of Timor-Leste in its work until May 2005. On 20 May 2005, the United Nations established a one-year follow-up mission in the East, the United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL), to continue to assist the reconstruction of the East Government.

[Politics] Since the independence of East Timor, the situation has been generally stable, and economic reconstruction and social development have proceeded smoothly. The eastern government strengthened the construction of administrative, judicial, and policing duties, and implemented "open governance". The prime minister led the ministers of various departments to inspect the districts, listened to public opinions and conducted on-site work, which was generally welcomed by the people. In 2004, the Eastern Party promulgated the Law on Political Parties, and a number of bills involving administrative, judicial, commercial, and investment laws were submitted to the parliament for discussion; the construction of local power was basically completed, and government management went deep into the grassroots. However, the East still faces many difficulties such as lack of funds and serious unemployment.

[Constitution] On March 22, 2002, the Constituent Assembly of East Timor passed and promulgated the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of East Timor, which stipulates that the Democratic Republic of East Timor is a democratic, legal and democratic country with sovereignty, independence, and unity. The President, the National Assembly, the government, and the courts are the states. Authority. The president is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces. It is directly elected by the entire people. The term of office is five years and it can be renewed only once.

[Parliament] said that the National Assembly has a one-chamber system. Representing all citizens in exercising laws, supervising government and political decision-making powers, consists of at least 52 members and a maximum of 65 members who are directly elected by the voters. Each term is for a period of five years.

The current National Assembly is the first National Assembly of East Timor. It was an automatic transition from the original Constitutional Assembly when the Constitution of May 20, 2002 came into effect. As a special case, there are 88 members of this legislature. Among them, there are 55 people from the Revolutionary Group, 7 from the Democratic Party, 6 from the Social Democratic Party and the Timorese Social Democratic Association, 2 from the NLD, the National Party, the Heroes’ Association, the People’s Party, and the Christian Democrats. The Socialist Party, the Liberal Party, and the Timorese population The party and the independent people in the Oecus region, Leland, were each one. Speaker Güterres LUOLO, Deputy Speaker Jacob Fernandes, and Francisco Xavierdo Amaral, Timorese Social Democratic Association. Vice President of the Constitutional Assembly).

The [Government] is composed of the Prime Minister, ministers and state secretaries and is responsible to the President and the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is the head of government. It is nominated by the party that has won the most votes in the parliamentary election or the coalition of political parties that holds the majority of the parliament. The president appoints. Ministers and state secretaries are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President.

The current government was established on May 20, 2002. It consists of nine ministers, five state secretaries, eight deputy ministers, and three subordinate state secretaries. In the second half of 2002, the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Education were added. Each of the ministers was reorganized on March 6, 2003. The main members include: Prime Minister and Minister of Development and Environment Dr. Mari Alkatiri, Minister of State Affairs and Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Dr. Jose Ramos-Horta, Minister of State and Minister Minister of Conference Affairs Anna Pessoa Pinto (female, Dra. ANAPESSA PINTO), Ministry of Planning and Finance Minister Madalena Boavida (female, Madalena BOAVIDA), Minister of Transport, Communications and Public Works Ovidio Ah Ovidio AMARAL, Interior Minister Rogerio Tiago LOBATO, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Estanislau Aleixoda SIVLA, Dr. Armindo MAIA, Minister of Education, Culture, Youth and Sports, Dr. Rui Maria de Araujo, Minister of Health, and Domingos Maria, Minister of Justice Domingos MARIASARMENTO, Minister of State Management (not available, by Anna Pessoa); State Secretary of State for Defense Roque Rodrigues (Roque RODRIGUES), Secretary of State of Labor, Arsenio Barr Arsenio BANO, Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Arlindo Rangeda CRUZ, State Secretary of the Council of Ministers Gregorio de SOUSA, Prime Minister State Secretary for Parliamentary Affairs Anthony Antoninho BIANCO et al.

[Administrative Division] The country is divided into 13 districts: Ayileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro, Dili, Ermera, Lautem, Liquica, Manatu There are 65 counties (Sub-Districts), 443 townships ("Sugu", Sucos), and 2236 villages (Aldeias) below the district.

[Judiciary] The court represents the people in the exercise of judicial jurisdiction. The authority is independent and is only subject to the Constitution and laws. It consists of Supreme Court and other judicial courts, administrative, taxation and auditing high courts, and administrative courts of first instance and military courts. The President of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President for a term of four years. The Supreme Court has not yet been established. The Court of Appeal exercises the powers of the Court of Final Appeal. Claudio Ximenes, President of the Court of Appeal, was appointed on March 12, 2003.

The General Procuratorate is the highest organ of the Procuratorate. The Attorney General is appointed by the President for a term of four years. He is responsible to the President and reports to the National Assembly every year. The current Attorney-General is Longuinhos Monteiro.

[Party] The election of the Constituent Assembly in August 2001 and the presidential election in April 2002 established the party structure with the multi-party co-existence of the guerillas. There are a total of 12 parties that have seats in this National Assembly. The main ones are:

(1) The Revolutionary Frontonf Independent East Timor (FRETILIN, abbreviated as FRETILIN), the ruling party, was established on May 20, 1974, and the number of party members exceeded 150,000. The formerly known as the Timorese Social Democratic Association (ASDT), changed its present name on September 11, 1974. Advocates the independence of East Timor. On 20 August 1975, the Armed Forces of the East Timorese National Liberation Army (FALINTIL) was established. It controlled most of the east and announced the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste on November 28, 1975. After the Indonesian occupation of East Timor in December 1975, some of the members of the Revolutionary Units fled in exile and the rest persisted in the domestic resistance fight. In January 1988, the National Liberation Army of East Timor was removed from the fringes and became an armed force of non-political parties. After the East launched an independent process in 1999, the UF reintegrated and proposed the restoration of independence of democracy, the consolidation of national unity, the establishment of a multi-party democracy and the rule of law, and so on, and received extensive support. Chairman LUOLO, General Secretary Mari Alkatiri, Deputy Secretary General Jose Reis.

(2) The Democratic Party (PD) was established on June 10, 2001. Party members are mostly young students and intellectuals. Advocates East Timor’s establishment of a new country and a fair and free society based on democratic principles and the promotion of a free market economy. Chairman Fernandode Araujo.

(3) The Social Democratic Party (SPD) was established on September 20, 2000. Party members 8,000. It advocates the establishment of East Timor as a multi-party democracy and a state ruled by the separation of church and state, and advocates East Timor’s priority to join the ASEAN and Portuguese-speaking countries’ communities after independence. Chairman Mario Viegas CARRASCALAO.

(4) The Timorse Social Democratic Association (ASDT) was established on May 20, 2001. Democracy, human rights, and economic development have become the three pillars of the Party's platform. President Francisco Xavierdo AMARAL (Francisco Xavierdo AMARAL).

Other parties include the Association of Timorese Heroes (KOTA), the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), the Liberal Party (PL), the Timorese Nationalist Party (PNT), and the Timorese people. The People's Party of Timor (PPT), the Socialist Party of Timor (PST), the Christian Democratic Union of Timor (UDC/PDC), and the Timorese Democratic Union (UDT).